Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR)

Roosevelt's Childhood-  Franklin Delano Roosevelt was born on January 30, 1882 in the city of Hudson Valley, Hyde Park, New York. Roosevelt's father was 54 at the time of his birth. His father's name is James Roosevelt and mother's name was Sara Ann Delano Roosevelt, who had a very positive influence and great in your child. Sara Roosevelt was James Roosevelt was French and Dutch. Franklin's parents took them to different places in Europe which opened his vision of many things in the external world. During the first eight years of life of Roosevelt, was educated by private tutors. At the age of nine Roosevelt attended his first school in Bad Nauheim. Since Roosevelt was a kid was a quick and outgoing person who seemed to enjoy the company of others. A Roosevelt teacher said he was a "bright young man", which can also make friends in an instant. When Roosevelt was fourteen, he and one of his tutors was on tour in Germany while riding a bicycle. He and his tutor were arrested several times for traffic violations small, but Roosevelt always talk his way out of a ticket every time.

That fall, Roosevelt was sent to Groton (Groton is one of the most exclusive schools of America). In this school, Roosevelt had to pay five hundred dollars a year. A family lived intermediate in time two hundred seventy dollars. This shows that the school paid almost twice what a family can afford intermediate in a year. As Roosevelt's mother, all employees of the school made sure that Roosevelt was not a spoiled child. "Do not be spoiled" is rule number one school. The director said that Franklin is beyond normal intelligence, but not great. Roosevelt was fourth smartest guy in the class of nineteen students. Franklin was what was considered popular in school at the time. Popularity meant he has many friends and is well liked by most students and teachers.

FDR's Education-Like I said before, Roosevelt was taught by tutors until he was eight and attended his first school in 1896 at age nine at Bad Nauheim. After Roosevelt attended Harvard after graduating from Groton in 1900. In his second year at Harvard (1901), his fifth cousin Theodore Roosevelt (who also called "Teddy" Roosevelt) became the 26th president in the United States and is also the youngest president ever elected as president in U.S. . During his time at Harvard, Roosevelt discovered he had an obsession with the law which then went to study the laws of the United States in the city of New York at Columbia Law School. In Roosevelt's first year in law school scored multiples of B and C, and only a single D. Roosevelt has these grades mostly because he spent more time socializing and did very little work.

Roosevelt also began to spend money freely. Franklin could do all this now because it is away from his mother and not following school rules Groton. One of his teachers also commented that Franklin was "A little aptitude for the law," that means it's a bit talented in the law. However, the two other years he was at Columbia Law School, Roosevelt had the greatest degree imaginable and actually passed the highest point I could get as a grade in school. So as soon as possible, Roosevelt left school in 1907 and did not graduate because he wanted to be a lawyer at once and not even think twice about returning to law school. Then, a year later, Roosevelt approved the bar exam in the state of New York that led him to get a job with a prestigious Wall Street firm named Carter, Ledyard and Milburn. Roosevelt was hired to deal mainly with corporate law, this means that the work of Roosevelt was all he had to do with the business of law. So if Roosevelt went to school from 1896-1907 that means that formal education was only eleven. Franklin Delano Roosevelt had a total duration of four years in Groton (1896-1900), four years at Harvard University (1900-1904) and three years at Columbia Law School (1904-1907).

An important event in life that impact who was Franklin Delano Roosevelt-The most important event in the life of Roosevelt was in 1921, when Franklin was only thirty-nine years old, he developed a paralytic disease when caught a fever after deeply exercise that summer in Canada. Roosevelt first fell by chance on a cold bay. Then he ran around the entire island of Campobello and swam for a while in Lake Glen Severn. When Roosevelt arrived home, immediately complained of back pain and was cold during the night. The next day, one of his legs felt weak and that afternoon, I had a weak leg was paralyzed. Then the other leg began to feel weak. That evening also paralyzed. Now Roosevelt is disabled to walk or stand. His bladder was also paralyzed. Roosevelt could not evacuate for more than two weeks. Then two weeks later Roosevelt developed polio. Polio has a one percent chance of getting into your nervous system and paralyze human. Although this percentage is too small, even Roosevelt developed paralysis from the chest down.

Franklin wanted to hide his paralysis from the public when he was president because he did not want people to think differently of him, so that most of the photos I took looked like he was not paralyzed. As these;

Moreover, Roosevelt has only two pictures taken in his wheelchair. However, we do not know if there are even more that have not been disclosed publicly.

How Roosevelt connects to our history-Franklin Delano Roosevelt was president during World War II. He took us through WWII successfully. Roosevelt also helped reduce the impact of the Great Depression to the people of the United States. In the beginning of the Great Depression, Franklin Roosevelt was president, was Herbert Hoover. Herbert Hoover tried to help with the Great Depression, but the unemployment rate was still an unemployment rate that was too big, come-and-five percent. When Roosevelt became president, he immediately agreed to cut the unemployment rate down to fourteen percent. But Franklin's greatest success was in 1943 when the Great Depression to help, was in the middle of World War II, and even when at war, Roosevelt was able to lower the unemployment rate to two percent. Some people said that the Great Depression ended because at that time, the U.S. need many troops for war. So if many people are drawn to the army, anyone has the opportunity to take the work one of the American soldiers had before being welded. Moreover, because the government is spending more money now, there are more job opportunities growing to try to get the U.S. economy at a normal rate.

President Roosevelt was so good, that the people of the United States four times elected him as president. Roosevelt completed a total of twelve years in office the presidential office.
     
Unfortunately, on April 12, 1945 during the fourth term of office, Roosevelt died of a stroke at age 63. Until today, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt is still remembered for his great deeds and still be remembered for decades to come.

Abraham Lincoln (Biography)

                           Abraham Lincoln’s childhood

Lincoln was born in Hardin County, Kentucky (Hardin County is now LaRue County) on February 12, 1809. Then, Lincoln moved to Indiana at just seven years of age (1816). Two years later his mom Nancy Lincoln died because of milk sickness (1818) however he was very close to his stepmother. Abraham’s father was named Thomas Lincoln who was a farmer and a carpenter. Abraham Lincoln had only one sibling who was named Sarah Grigsby. Sarah Grigsby then died in her twenties at the exact same time when she was giving birth to her baby.

When Abraham Lincoln was born, his father Thomas Lincoln owned two Six-hundred acre farms, a couple of town lots, livestock and horses. Thomas Lincoln was in fact one of the richest men in the County. But, unfortunately in 1816 Thomas had a major downfall in which he lost all his land to court cases of faulty property title meaning that they did not have a legal document saying that the property belonged to them. For that was the reason in why their family moved to a free piece of land in Perry County, Indiana. In that land was where they made a new start.

When Lincoln was a pre-teen he majorly disliked the hard work in the frontier life. Some people both in his family and neighborhood considered Abraham Lincoln being lazy. Then as he grew into being a teen he had 100% full responsibility for all chores that were expected from teen males in a household at the time. Lincoln also became a very skilled axman in his work building rail fences. Lincoln was known as a brawn (has solid and strong muscles) person that’s willing to take bold risks especially when he was challenged to a wrestling match with one of the most competitive wrestlers in his neighborhood.  

                         Abraham Lincoln’s education

Abraham Lincoln had one year of school education however, throughout his life he has been taught by many different people. One of Abraham Lincoln’s passions as a child was reading books. They say that Abraham Lincoln would read and learn from any (and that means any) book that he can get his hands on. Abraham’s passion for reading began when his stepmother forced him to read books every day. After a while Lincoln began getting use to reading and at the same time, began enjoying books as well. Abraham Lincoln was majorly a self-educated man. Lincoln loved reading so much that even at night he would read with the light from the fire place. Sometimes Lincoln would even stop doing chores to read. Every time his father saw him reading instead of doing chores, he would scold Lincoln.  

Abraham Lincoln went to school at a really young age so he just basically learned the ABC’s and also how to read and write. At that time the schools he went to were called ABC schools or “Blab school”. The reason why Abraham is education was stopped was because he had no time to go to school; most of his time was dedicated to helping his father with the chores. One way that Lincoln practiced to write when he wasn’t in school was by writing on hickory bark. When the hickory got full of writing Lincoln would just take a drawknife and shave off all of the writing and then start writing again. After all, Abraham Lincoln was a keen reader. When he was older, his top favorite thing to read was the newspaper. But he also read other types of books and several of the books were about Shakespeare.

However Abraham Lincoln’s stepmother had another role that she also played in his education. His stepmother remembered poems (that her mother use to tell her in her childhood) even dough she did not know how to read. She also gave Lincoln three books to read.

As Abraham Lincoln became a teenager he was intrigued with the laws of the land and country so he started focusing and studying around that topic. Then, after he moved he became a lawyer. A way in which Abe remembered things when he was an adult was by keeping things in his hat. That hat he had was called “stovepipe hat”.

   Important event that impacted who Abraham Lincoln was

The most important event in Abraham Lincoln’s life was when he became the 16th president in November 6 of 1860. The reason why he being the president changed his life was because during his presidency he finally became successful and after so many chances that he had to become successful; every one of those chances were some how blown away. that  His vice president during his presidency was Andrew Johnson. Sadly his presidency only lasted five years until he was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth. The assassination happened around 10:15 in the late evening. The gun the Booth used to kill Lincoln was the .40 caliber Philadelphia derringer. Lincoln was shot behind his left ear. However, Lincoln was guarded by a major named Rathbone who went to grab booth before he through himself of the stand. But, Booth was also carrying a dagger in which he used to stab Rathbone with it. Then Rathbone quickly got up and Booth then stabbed him again. His killer John Wilkes Booth then hopped of the stand where Abraham Lincoln was sitting and broke his left leg. The crowd hadn’t noticed the gunshot because at the moment that Booth shot, the funniest line of the play made everyone in the theater laugh as loud as possible. Booth went across the stage saying, “Sic Semper Tyrannis” making his self look as if he were part of the play. Rathbone then screamed, “Stop him” the in which the crowd quickly reacted to catch Booth. Booth then limped towards the door and struck a man named Boroughs in the forehead with his dagger and then escaped on his horse also in which he kicked Boroughs in the face too.

          However Lincoln did not die instantly. Lincoln was taken to a boarding house across the street where he died the next day (April 15, 1865) at 7:22 a.m. Twelve days later Booth was surrounded by soldiers in the farm he had been hiding in with his partner Herold. Herold surrendered when he noticed all the soldiers surrounding the farm. Booth screamed, “You’ll never take me alive” and at that moment soldiers started shooting at the barn Booth was in. A soldier quietly came through behind the barn and shot Booth just one inch below the spot where Lincoln was shot. Booth died on the ground he was in 2 hours later. His 4 other partners were executed. Abraham Lincoln’s death is one of the biggest moments in history even today one and a half centuries in the future.

    How Abraham Lincoln is connected to our history (what he did)

Abraham Lincoln led our country through the civil war and still preserved the Union; meaning that he kept the United States together (even dough Abraham Lincoln supported the Union and not the Confederacy) instead of having it divided into two different countries; going through a Civil war while keeping your country together must have been very hard to do so this is a sign of true presidency and great leadership. Lincoln also bought Alaska from Russia which would have been different today if it weren’t for Lincoln. Abraham Lincoln also signed the Land grant Colleges act in 1862 which provided government grants for Universities at every state. Lincoln also presided over the formation of national banks which benefited us with a strong financial system all over the country. And, even when Abraham Lincoln was occupied fighting in the civil war, he tried his best to help out Juarez in Mexico by sending him 30,000 muskets to his army. This shows that a president’s leadership is not only caring for your country, but is also made up of caring for other countries too.

But one of the most important things that Lincoln is known for doing is freeing the slaves by creating the emancipation proclamation in the year of 1863. This was majorly important because slavery was a catastrophic event in which no human should ever go through. Slavery has broken apart millions of families and affected over fifteen million Africans. In account to slavery, Lincoln approved the thirteenth amendment to the United States Constitution. The thirteenth amendment was the amendment that abolished slavery (and involuntary servitude) in America; meaning that slavery would not be used anymore and that slavery would not be used in the United States anytime in the future as well. To the amendment, laws were made stating that whoever enslaved or had someone to serve them at force would be held with charges of slavery against them. Slaves were not freed immediately; they were freed after the thirteenth amendment was made. However the thirteenth amendment is final enactment was made after President Lincoln’s death. Lincoln has truly left many great precedents for future presidents to take into consideration.           

Bipolar disorder

Definition; Bipolar disorder is most commonly defined as a disorder in which a person has double personality (meaning that the entity has two completely different personalities). The difference in between these two personalities is that one is manic and the other is depressive. These personalities are completely antithesis to each other. We humans can hit these points like for example humans might get depressed or manic. But at one point we will always go back to normal (which means that humans have a balance in between manic and depression). However, people with Bipolar Disorder have a misbalance in between the three personalities (manic, depression and neutral). Some times people with this disorder might be normal and then get depressed and suddenly jump from depression to manic and then go back to depression. Bipolar disorder can be easily determined if someone has gone through these traits in front of you.

However experiments have determined that some people might be able to hide their manic episodes from others. When mania in the person is mild it is called hypomania and when depression is mild it is called mild to moderate depression.

Symptoms;

• Symptoms of mania are; Feeling unusually “high” and optimistic
• Unrealistic, beliefs about one’s abilities or powers
• Sleeping very little, but feeling extremely energetic
• Talking so fast that others can’t keep up
• Racing thoughts; jumping quickly from one idea to the next
• Highly distractible
• Impaired judgment and impulsiveness
• Acting recklessly without thinking about the consequences
• Delusions and hallucinations (most  cases)

Other Signs of Bipolar Disorder are;

• Bipolar 1 Disorder– The classic manic-depressive form of the illness characterized by at least one manic episode or mixed episode. Usually Bipolar I Disorder also involves at least one episode of depression.
• Bipolar 2 Disorder – In Bipolar II disorder, the person doesn’t experience extreme manic episodes. Instead, the disorder involves episodes of hypomania and severe depression.
• Cyclothymia (Cylothmic disorder) – Cyclothymia is a milder form of bipolar disorder. It consists of cyclical (many different) mood swings. However, the symptoms are less severe than hyper mania or “high” depression.

Case Study; I found this interesting case study on this 45 year old lawyer named Stephen who also has two children of his own. Stephen was diagnosed with bipolar disorder. On this case Stephen said that he had great deal of stress and anxiety. Stephan also stated that he was frustrated with his inability to explain everything he experienced. Also, he was unable to relax and enjoy fun activities like watching a movie or taking a vacation. Stephen also was unable to stop thinking about issues that had to do with his job. Matthew went through weekly counseling sessions to tackle the unhealthy thought and behavior patterns he had developed as a result of his disorder. At the end of his treatment, Stephen gained positive results like a dramatic change in his psychological states. Now, Stephen can control himself and has gentleness and calmness. Now, Stephen has no uncontrollable thought patterns like he use to have years before. Now his mind is finally stable.

Excerpts;

Both these excerpts are extremely odd. They do not look like any of the normal writing a normal mind would write. These are actual excerpts from people with real bipolar disorder. This shows how people with this disorder have an unstable mind that can jump through cyclical (many different) ideas/topics.

                            Who is bipolar disorder most likely to affect?

Well, men are more prone to get bipolar at an earlier age (specifically before puberty starts). But still, both genders can get bipolar disorder at an even range. The types of mood episodes men and women with bipolar disorder experience are slightly different. In general, women experience more episodes of depression and are more likely to develop bipolar II disorder, which is a milder form of the disorder. Men, on the other hand, are more prone to manic episodes and tend to have more severe forms of bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder commonly develops in teens rather than in adults. However one race has a very, very low chance of getting bipolar disorder and that race is Asian. Look at the graph below;

               People medically attended for bipolar disorder (1,000 people per age group)

 Here you can see that kids from 0-12 and the elderly over 65 years have the lowest risk of developing bipolar disorder. But in the other hand, teenagers have the highest risk of developing bipolar disorder. I decided not to put “Asians” on this chart because I am doing this by age group, not by race. But, if “Asians” were on this chart, out of 1,000 Asians; only seven would have bipolar disorder!

Etiology of Bipolar Disorder- Bipolar disorder tends to run in a family. That means that if a man has bipolar disorder and then has a child, the child has a high risk of developing bipolar disorder however it isn’t a 100% guaranteed, there is also a chance that the child will live their life normally. A child with a bipolar parent has a 15%-25% chance of developing bipolar disorder too which is high if you ask me. If you were born with a non-identical twin (meaning both of you were born at the same time but, none of you look alike) that has bipolar disorder, you have a 25% chance of developing the disease as well. But the greatest chance is if you are born with an identical twin (both of you have same genetic material) that has bipolar disorder the chances are Eight times higher then being born with a non-identical twin. That means it’s almost impossible to avoid being bipolar if you are born with an identical twin that has bipolar disorder!

Prognosis of Bipolar Disorder- Bipolar disorder can be severe and last a long time period, or it can be mild with small episodes that aren’t as bad. Patients with this disease will experience symptoms in very dissimilar ways. A typical patient with bipolar disorder has 7 to 10 manic or depressive episodes over a lifetime. However, some people experience more episodes and some less.

Medicinal treatments for bipolar disorder- Most treatment plans for bipolar disorder involve a type of medication that suits you. The medications are used to bring mania and depression at a controllable level. But, the medication isn’t any old drug that anyone that’s bipolar can take; many bipolar people have a different type of drug or dose. It is tough to find the right drug that suits you. It is important to work with a specialist and evaluate yourself several times a year because the optimum dose can and may change over time do to your mental health.

Therapeutic treatments for bipolar disorder- Along with medications, therapy are common in most treatment plans. Therapy helps you to manage your symptoms and it helps to sustain a normal lifestyle. They also say it helps with the struggle in life’s difficulties.

Electroconvulsive Therapy­ (ECT) - ECT is a treatment for hospitalized patients that are suicidal, dangerous or dangerously psychotic. These conditions are found in 75% of the patients that take ECT. In electroconvulsive therapy, an electric current is sent through the scalp to the brain. ECT is the fastest way to relieve symptoms from people that are suffering from mania or severe depression.

My opinion on mental illnesses- Mental illnesses are something bad that can come into anyone’s life, affecting their everyday life in a negative way. When someone has a mental illness they do not act like themselves due to the type of illness that they have but, everyone always has a chance to return to a regular life. I think that a mental illness is just in obstacle in life that anyone can overcome if they try hard enough.

Other opinions- I think that it is important to learn about conditions that affect the mind because, if a friend, a loved or you have any of the symptoms of a mental illness, you can start understanding what type of mental illness they/you have and can start speaking to a professional. Also knowing a lot about mental illnesses can open up many successful job opportunities.

Things we can do to alleviate mental stress- It is proven in experiments that people who take a time of the day to sit outside and look at nature have less stress, behave better and also spend more time sharing with their families. So always remember once in a while to enjoy the sunset or take a walk in a park for it may benefit a lot more than you expected.

The causes and effects of westward expansion on Americans during the mid to late 1800’s

          One of the causes of westward expansion was that, a man named Horace Greeley published a news paper telling people to move westward. Another cause that made our people move westward was that, the Government was offering land to whoever moved to the west. Example; The Government said that whatever land they find in the west would be theirs for free and that you can also find many riches in the far west. This is also connected to the American dream. Some stuff of the American dream is, starting a new life, finding wealth and having a family. Like the saying, having a white picket fence house. However, the American dream was a Manifest Destiny. The American dream was far beyond this because what the Government stated wasn’t exactly true. Manifest means paranormal and destiny means meant to be. So, this is a meant to be paranormal journey. Another cause that made people move westward was that many cities were crowded so most people didn’t have enough space to be comfortable enough to live a normal life. The start of this American dream was in the mid 1800’s in Missouri. Many people would follow the Oregon Trail that started in Missouri and ended in Oregon in order to move farther west. Most people would walk the trail but other people used ox’s to pull their schooners up the trail. Other people like the Mormons also moved westward to start a new life since they were discriminated because of their religion. Some effects of westward expansion was that, (exact amount unknown) 20,000 to 30,000 people died by traveling on the Oregon Trail. Do to the harsh obstacles the travelers had to face like harsh weathers, rivers and high mountains and also, the Native Americans. Most travelers had to literally leave everything behind in order to continue the American dream. A positive effect of westward expansion was that over 250,000 Americans successfully moved westward.             

Chen Guangcheng out of U.S embassy

Basically, Mr. Chen was forced out of the U.S embassy by Chinese officials. I think that this is a catastrophe, something that should never be done because the way in which Mr. Chen was forced out of the embassy was that Chinese officials threatened to beat his wife if Mr. Chen continued under American protection. But then they changed and reversed the message that they gave to Mr. Chen by saying that they said, they would send his wife back to Shandong and that, no one could assure her safety there. Also, that if his family is put in Shandong, he would be able to reunite with his family once again. One moral I saw in this story is that6, family is more important then everything. Mr. Chen left his important job just to be back reunited with his family once again. But in the other hand, after escaping house arrest and seeking asylum from the U.S embassy, he should be able to know that, his country would try to retaliate against his wife and son since he is violating China’s domestic policy. But, beating his wife is no what to resolve this conflict. The Chinese said they will investigate the authorities that sent Mr. Chen this harsh message. I think that they said this just to show that they never threatened to resolve this in a way using violence. Their simply just trying to full the U.S saying that Chen had been given the wrong message. At least back in china they gave Chen Guangchen some liberties like letting him study law in one of China’s 7 cities. The U.S also showed respect by pledging that he gets some funds for Mr. Chen’s teachings and for his family. My question is; why did Obama turn over this freedom activist who escaped back to the Chinese authorities? And mostly because it would cause confusion and disturbance for the U.S. I guess Obama cared about his family too but, was it worth the risk? A freedom activist is an activist that acts upon his or her beliefs based on their countries freedom (people in the countries freedom). Activists also go against anyone that has the antithesis beliefs they have. The countries freedom could become more inferior then before.   

Youtube Hacked?

I saw this when I tried to log in to my Youtube account.

What is a confounding variable

          A confounding variable is a variable that correlates with both dependent and independent variable.

Example: For example if there is a group of are scientists studying smoking and deaths in America they would see how many people have died from consuming too much cigarettes and they would see the statistical relationships between people smoking and deaths in the united states. They would see if people who smoke in United States increase the rate of deaths in a year for the United States.