The causes and effects of westward expansion on Americans during the mid to late 1800’s

          One of the causes of westward expansion was that, a man named Horace Greeley published a news paper telling people to move westward. Another cause that made our people move westward was that, the Government was offering land to whoever moved to the west. Example; The Government said that whatever land they find in the west would be theirs for free and that you can also find many riches in the far west. This is also connected to the American dream. Some stuff of the American dream is, starting a new life, finding wealth and having a family. Like the saying, having a white picket fence house. However, the American dream was a Manifest Destiny. The American dream was far beyond this because what the Government stated wasn’t exactly true. Manifest means paranormal and destiny means meant to be. So, this is a meant to be paranormal journey. Another cause that made people move westward was that many cities were crowded so most people didn’t have enough space to be comfortable enough to live a normal life. The start of this American dream was in the mid 1800’s in Missouri. Many people would follow the Oregon Trail that started in Missouri and ended in Oregon in order to move farther west. Most people would walk the trail but other people used ox’s to pull their schooners up the trail. Other people like the Mormons also moved westward to start a new life since they were discriminated because of their religion. Some effects of westward expansion was that, (exact amount unknown) 20,000 to 30,000 people died by traveling on the Oregon Trail. Do to the harsh obstacles the travelers had to face like harsh weathers, rivers and high mountains and also, the Native Americans. Most travelers had to literally leave everything behind in order to continue the American dream. A positive effect of westward expansion was that over 250,000 Americans successfully moved westward.             

Chen Guangcheng out of U.S embassy

Basically, Mr. Chen was forced out of the U.S embassy by Chinese officials. I think that this is a catastrophe, something that should never be done because the way in which Mr. Chen was forced out of the embassy was that Chinese officials threatened to beat his wife if Mr. Chen continued under American protection. But then they changed and reversed the message that they gave to Mr. Chen by saying that they said, they would send his wife back to Shandong and that, no one could assure her safety there. Also, that if his family is put in Shandong, he would be able to reunite with his family once again. One moral I saw in this story is that6, family is more important then everything. Mr. Chen left his important job just to be back reunited with his family once again. But in the other hand, after escaping house arrest and seeking asylum from the U.S embassy, he should be able to know that, his country would try to retaliate against his wife and son since he is violating China’s domestic policy. But, beating his wife is no what to resolve this conflict. The Chinese said they will investigate the authorities that sent Mr. Chen this harsh message. I think that they said this just to show that they never threatened to resolve this in a way using violence. Their simply just trying to full the U.S saying that Chen had been given the wrong message. At least back in china they gave Chen Guangchen some liberties like letting him study law in one of China’s 7 cities. The U.S also showed respect by pledging that he gets some funds for Mr. Chen’s teachings and for his family. My question is; why did Obama turn over this freedom activist who escaped back to the Chinese authorities? And mostly because it would cause confusion and disturbance for the U.S. I guess Obama cared about his family too but, was it worth the risk? A freedom activist is an activist that acts upon his or her beliefs based on their countries freedom (people in the countries freedom). Activists also go against anyone that has the antithesis beliefs they have. The countries freedom could become more inferior then before.   

Christopher Columbus discovering of America (New World)

Christopher Columbus was going to go to Asia sailing west. Also that Christopher Columbus is Italian. But he did not get there right away. To go he had to gave money which is a certain amount he didn’t have. He begged all king a kings for about 6 years until the king and queen of Spain funded him with the money. Other kings and queens thought that the world was flat. They thought that if u passes the horizon that you would fall out of earth. But the king and queen of Spain thought differently. They thought that if it really worked that they would be richer for making that journey possible. So that’s what they exactly did. They funded Christopher Columbus is group with a sufficient amount of money so they can make their journey. Christopher wanted to sail to the west to Asia to try to invent something new. Also because they would have to travel by land to get to Asia through the Silk Road. They would often be attacked by robbers who would steal their silk. Plus it also took them a very long time to get the silk and spices because they would have to go over mountains and go around little rivers and they would travel by horse (only way to travel in those days).  They started sailing in August of 1492. The crew had the advantage of Christopher Columbus because he learned to sail at the age 14. He went on the journey with 87 crew members on board. They had gone to “Asia” with 3 ships. The names of the three ships were Santa Maria, La Nina and Pinta. Christopher was in the ship Santa Maria. As they went along they bumped in to land which Christopher thought was Asia. But it was really the West Indies (Caribbean). The first island he ran into in the Caribbean was the Bahamas. He got their within 29 days (a month) of sailing. Once he was there he found gold and took it to take it back to the Europeans. He also kidnapped some Native Americans to bring them back to Europe. He returns to Spain in the year 1943 with the gold, Native Americans and exotic plants. Once the king and queen of Spain saw what he had discovered did, they continued to fund him. When Christopher was back everybody thought he was a hero. So after that the exploration of the 3g’s started existing. The three G’s where, God, Gold, glory. For the God part the people of Europe wanted to teach the Native Americans the way of the God. They wanted to force them to be catholic.                                                             

The 4 different social classes of New Spain

The first and highest class is peninsular. Important role of a Peninsular is being part of the government. Also is for them to hold important churches in New Spain. The third important role of a peninsular is to own land and colonize all over New Spain. They also have pure Spanish blood. Peninsular are colonists from Spain. The next in the list of social classes has pure Spanish blood except, they were born in New Spain. Their parents are from Spain and they were born in New Spain. That class is called Criollo. One role that Criollo`s had was that they owned most land and mines. Another important role they had is related to the first one. They would sell a lot of land to the peninsular. The last role that they have is, they don’t have much power but they use slaves to take care of the land. The next on the list is called Mestizo. The roles that they use to be hard workers and now since Spain rules, they are not hard workers. Now they work a little and are not so wealthy. Also, they can never take part of the government. Mestizos are part Spanish and part native (Aztec). They also own a small not so wealthy shop were people don’t really go to. The last on the list of social classes are, Malatto. Malatto work in the Mestizo shops and are very poor. Later on their job will be as slaves. Their origin is, part Spanish and part African. They were very low in the class so, later on in history, all Mallatos become slaves.                  

End of the world 2012?

                   The beginning of the end?

Its 2012, will the world still exist to the year 2013, or will it end on December 21^st of 2012. This is one of the most popular controversial topics many people have been talking about. It’s all over radios, talk shows and it’s even a 2 hour documentary at history channel. This prediction/event has a lot of people freaking out because they think they know that right now, they are spending their last days on earth. This can turn out either way and there is plenty of evidence that it will end but, also there’s evidence that it won’t. This might be true or, not! If you think it’s fake or not, just wait and see.

                 Planetary alignment?

There are a lot of theories saying that the apocalypse that will come to earth is based on a planetary alignment. Scientists said that no planetary alignment will happen in the next decades and that if a planetary alignment did happen; the effects would be negligible by earth which will lead to no apocalypse at all. Also, scientists say that during the planetary alignment, earth is polar caps will switch direction (in other words, earth will be upside down). Other scientists say that a polar shift won’t happen for the next 1,000 years. The main reason a polar shift is lethal to earth is because it will move the earth in a matter of hours which will cause a dramatic effect on the earth’s plates which will well likely make them collide. This will cause; Massive earthquakes and Tsunamis. Also people have said that a polar shift would cause the earth’s magnetic field would totally disappear which may lead to much more UV rays (ultra violet radiation) from the sun to get to us. This will lead to absolutely no life on earth. Another reason people think the world will end is because of something called, galactic alignment. Though, scientists have seen in their research that now, our poles are moving 40 miles every year to the opposite direction. Still, an immediate pole shift won’t be possible.

Nibiru/Planet X or Eris? Galactic alignment?

A Galactic alignment is when the sun aligns with the galactic equator (during the December solstice). The galactic equator is for example the middle of our galaxy (Milky Way) or like the equator of the galaxy.

                                                        

The galactic equator is on the 0 degree line because it runs right through that galaxy. Just like our equator is at 0 degrees and runs through our planet. It was claimed that a planet named Nibiru (planet discovered by Sumerians) is coming to earth. That first predicted impact was in May of 2003 and since nothing happened it was moved to December of the year 2012. Plus, if there was a planet projected to impact earth, it will be very possible the scientists would have already spotted this planet years before today. There is no Nibiru, Planet X nor Eris. This is all fictitious.   

                               

                 Mayan Calendar?

The Mayan calendar is also wrong as Scientists says, the end of the Mayan calendar doesn’t mean it’s the end of the world; it is the end of the Mayan long count period. A long count is when one of the wheels of the Mayan calendar has finished and then it starts all over back to the day of January 1^st. The Mayans also studied astronomy to predict the future (the stars would tell or give them signs). One sign that they found was stars sorted out which showed the illustration of a guy with an arrow pointing at the numbers “2012”. This could have just been a misunderstanding or just ordinary stars that got seemed in that way. But this doesn’t mean anything in our modern day astronomy. Stars giving signs or any other type of signs don’t mean anything because it is a sign, not a fact. Also Mayan artifacts have been found that refer to the years after 2012 which means that the Mayans didn’t think that the world was going to end neither.     

In conclusion, I agree that there is enough evidence to state that the world will not be ending on December 21^st, 2012. Everything that we thought would end it is mostly wrong. In some other things that were true doesn’t necessarily mean that the world is going to end. But is what I said was wrong, What will the future hold for us? 

                                                  

Mayflower Compact (exact words)

"In the name of God, Amen.We whose names are underwritten, the loyal subjects of our dread sovereign Lord, King James, by the grace of God, of Great Britain, France and Ireland king, defender of the faith, etc., having undertaken, for the glory of God, and advancement of the Christian faith, and honor of our king and country, a voyage to plant the first colony in the Northern parts of Virginia, do by these presents solemnly and mutually in the presence of God, and one of another, covenant and combine ourselves together into a civil body politic, for our better ordering and preservation and furtherance of the ends aforesaid; and by virtue hereof to enact, constitute, and frame such just and equal laws, ordinances, acts, constitutions, and offices, from time to time, as shall be thought most meet and convenient for the general good of the colony, unto which we promise all due submission and obedience."

 "In witness whereof we have here under subscribed our names at Cape-Cod the 11 of November, in the year of the reign of our sovereign lord, King James, of England, France, and Ireland the eighteenth, and of Scotland the fifty-fourth. Anno Domine 1620."

3 Types of bone fractures

The three basic types of bone fractures:

• Green stick fracture: A fracture when a bone is cracked or slightly bent but, not entirely broken. This can cause a lot of pain to the person. This can easily be treated and ready to use if the person is given a cast.                                                   

                                                                

• Compound fracture: This is a fracture when the bone is totally broken and, it also pierces the skin. These most oftenely involve a replacement surgery.

                                                          (pictures are to disturbing)

• Complete fractures: Also fractures that involve the whole bone broken but, it doesn't pierce the skin. This also involves replacement surgery.