The causes and effects of westward expansion on Americans during the mid to late 1800’s

          One of the causes of westward expansion was that, a man named Horace Greeley published a news paper telling people to move westward. Another cause that made our people move westward was that, the Government was offering land to whoever moved to the west. Example; The Government said that whatever land they find in the west would be theirs for free and that you can also find many riches in the far west. This is also connected to the American dream. Some stuff of the American dream is, starting a new life, finding wealth and having a family. Like the saying, having a white picket fence house. However, the American dream was a Manifest Destiny. The American dream was far beyond this because what the Government stated wasn’t exactly true. Manifest means paranormal and destiny means meant to be. So, this is a meant to be paranormal journey. Another cause that made people move westward was that many cities were crowded so most people didn’t have enough space to be comfortable enough to live a normal life. The start of this American dream was in the mid 1800’s in Missouri. Many people would follow the Oregon Trail that started in Missouri and ended in Oregon in order to move farther west. Most people would walk the trail but other people used ox’s to pull their schooners up the trail. Other people like the Mormons also moved westward to start a new life since they were discriminated because of their religion. Some effects of westward expansion was that, (exact amount unknown) 20,000 to 30,000 people died by traveling on the Oregon Trail. Do to the harsh obstacles the travelers had to face like harsh weathers, rivers and high mountains and also, the Native Americans. Most travelers had to literally leave everything behind in order to continue the American dream. A positive effect of westward expansion was that over 250,000 Americans successfully moved westward.             

How the Spanish got their people to go to the 'New World'

Spain made ​​the Spanish fence to the thirteen American colonies that were offered a major concession was called encomienda. The people who did not have much land in Europe were the 13 colonies to get more land. The hand that did work were the Native Americans. The responsibilities of the owners of the parcels was to teach Christianityand pay a fair wage for natives. Natives who did labor now were slaves because they were treated very badly and Native Americans were treated very cruel and they workedand worked until dark. They were treated almost the same as or treated as a slave. 

The 4 different social classes of New Spain

The first and highest class is peninsular. Important role of a Peninsular is being part of the government. Also is for them to hold important churches in New Spain. The third important role of a peninsular is to own land and colonize all over New Spain. They also have pure Spanish blood. Peninsular are colonists from Spain. The next in the list of social classes has pure Spanish blood except, they were born in New Spain. Their parents are from Spain and they were born in New Spain. That class is called Criollo. One role that Criollo`s had was that they owned most land and mines. Another important role they had is related to the first one. They would sell a lot of land to the peninsular. The last role that they have is, they don’t have much power but they use slaves to take care of the land. The next on the list is called Mestizo. The roles that they use to be hard workers and now since Spain rules, they are not hard workers. Now they work a little and are not so wealthy. Also, they can never take part of the government. Mestizos are part Spanish and part native (Aztec). They also own a small not so wealthy shop were people don’t really go to. The last on the list of social classes are, Malatto. Malatto work in the Mestizo shops and are very poor. Later on their job will be as slaves. Their origin is, part Spanish and part African. They were very low in the class so, later on in history, all Mallatos become slaves.                  

End of the world 2012?

                   The beginning of the end?

Its 2012, will the world still exist to the year 2013, or will it end on December 21^st of 2012. This is one of the most popular controversial topics many people have been talking about. It’s all over radios, talk shows and it’s even a 2 hour documentary at history channel. This prediction/event has a lot of people freaking out because they think they know that right now, they are spending their last days on earth. This can turn out either way and there is plenty of evidence that it will end but, also there’s evidence that it won’t. This might be true or, not! If you think it’s fake or not, just wait and see.

                 Planetary alignment?

There are a lot of theories saying that the apocalypse that will come to earth is based on a planetary alignment. Scientists said that no planetary alignment will happen in the next decades and that if a planetary alignment did happen; the effects would be negligible by earth which will lead to no apocalypse at all. Also, scientists say that during the planetary alignment, earth is polar caps will switch direction (in other words, earth will be upside down). Other scientists say that a polar shift won’t happen for the next 1,000 years. The main reason a polar shift is lethal to earth is because it will move the earth in a matter of hours which will cause a dramatic effect on the earth’s plates which will well likely make them collide. This will cause; Massive earthquakes and Tsunamis. Also people have said that a polar shift would cause the earth’s magnetic field would totally disappear which may lead to much more UV rays (ultra violet radiation) from the sun to get to us. This will lead to absolutely no life on earth. Another reason people think the world will end is because of something called, galactic alignment. Though, scientists have seen in their research that now, our poles are moving 40 miles every year to the opposite direction. Still, an immediate pole shift won’t be possible.

Nibiru/Planet X or Eris? Galactic alignment?

A Galactic alignment is when the sun aligns with the galactic equator (during the December solstice). The galactic equator is for example the middle of our galaxy (Milky Way) or like the equator of the galaxy.

                                                        

The galactic equator is on the 0 degree line because it runs right through that galaxy. Just like our equator is at 0 degrees and runs through our planet. It was claimed that a planet named Nibiru (planet discovered by Sumerians) is coming to earth. That first predicted impact was in May of 2003 and since nothing happened it was moved to December of the year 2012. Plus, if there was a planet projected to impact earth, it will be very possible the scientists would have already spotted this planet years before today. There is no Nibiru, Planet X nor Eris. This is all fictitious.   

                               

                 Mayan Calendar?

The Mayan calendar is also wrong as Scientists says, the end of the Mayan calendar doesn’t mean it’s the end of the world; it is the end of the Mayan long count period. A long count is when one of the wheels of the Mayan calendar has finished and then it starts all over back to the day of January 1^st. The Mayans also studied astronomy to predict the future (the stars would tell or give them signs). One sign that they found was stars sorted out which showed the illustration of a guy with an arrow pointing at the numbers “2012”. This could have just been a misunderstanding or just ordinary stars that got seemed in that way. But this doesn’t mean anything in our modern day astronomy. Stars giving signs or any other type of signs don’t mean anything because it is a sign, not a fact. Also Mayan artifacts have been found that refer to the years after 2012 which means that the Mayans didn’t think that the world was going to end neither.     

In conclusion, I agree that there is enough evidence to state that the world will not be ending on December 21^st, 2012. Everything that we thought would end it is mostly wrong. In some other things that were true doesn’t necessarily mean that the world is going to end. But is what I said was wrong, What will the future hold for us? 

                                                  

3 Types of bone fractures

The three basic types of bone fractures:

• Green stick fracture: A fracture when a bone is cracked or slightly bent but, not entirely broken. This can cause a lot of pain to the person. This can easily be treated and ready to use if the person is given a cast.                                                   

                                                                

• Compound fracture: This is a fracture when the bone is totally broken and, it also pierces the skin. These most oftenely involve a replacement surgery.

                                                          (pictures are to disturbing)

• Complete fractures: Also fractures that involve the whole bone broken but, it doesn't pierce the skin. This also involves replacement surgery.